ERRATA

• Ephraim not in the line of Joseph, Mary’s husband.
• Father of Samaritans
• Ambiguity in Genesis 49:24 led to misapplication.
• Esau unlikely to be progenitor of present day Palestinians.
• Source consulted based upon a poor interpretation of Obadiah.
• Philistines much more likely candidate
• Hagar the Egyptian was not from the line of Canaan but from his Mizraim.
• It may not be correct to infer that Noah’s curse fell on all Ham’s sons; the curse was technically upon Canaan even though it was for Ham’s transgression. I’m not sure why.
• Rahab was a descendant of the Canaanites but also part of Davidic line.
• Bethel, Jerusalem, Hebron and Bethlehem are all within 30 miles of each other.
• Mt. Moriah is the site of the temple mount in Jerusalem.
• Mt. Sinai is located on the Sinai Peninsula.
• In the map it was drawn on the Arabian Peninsula.

SOURCES

• King James Bible
• Rogerson, John. Atlas of the Bible, ed., Graham Speake (Oxford: Equinox, 1985)
• Cooper, Bill. After the Flood, (Sussex: New Wine Press, 1995). Available online: http://www.ldolphin.org/cooper/contents.html

1. HAM: THE BLACK SHEEP??
1. 1 Chronicles 1 (King James Version)

8 The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

9 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.

10 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be mighty upon the earth.

11 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,

12 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and Caphthorim.

13 And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth,

14 The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,

15 And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,

16 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite.

2. The peoples of Ham’s line populated parts of Asia Minor, parts of the Arabian Peninsula, and eventually the entire continent of Africa – once known as the land of Ham.
3. The Egyptians once called their land “Kam.”
4. PURE SPECULATION: The literal translation of the name Ham has been said to mean “Burnt” or “Dark” or “Black”.

i. I have not been able to find a justification for this and at first blush this seems hard to establish given that these names were likely in existence prior to the separation of nations, in a language for which we don’t seem to have any knowledge.

1. Do we want to claim that Ham had a previous name that was “translated” after the separation? Probably not.

ii. The meaning appears to be inferred (in the literature) from the supposition that Shem means “dusky” (In what language I don’t know) and Japheth means “fair”; the inference being that Ham means “dark”. But this really seems to be a stretch of the especially since we don’t have any biblical account (that I am aware) of the skin colors of the three sons or the grandsons of Noah.

1. Even if the name does mean “black” in some language (Hebrew?) it does not follow that this word had the same meaning when it was given to Ham at his birth. The meaning may have developed through use.

iii. Some, like Dr. James P. Dobson, believe that the distinction of colors occurred at the separation of nations. But this is based on his idea that it would more completely separate the peoples. There doesn’t seem to be any biblical evidence of this rationale.

1. Maybe this is a good example of how theologians fall in to error?

5. Biblical and secular history does reveal a troubled Hamitic lineage.

i. Going “down in to Egypt” – Egyptians are Hamitic

ii. Sodomites as archetypical sinners and were also Hamitic

iii. The Hamitic Canaanites nearly destroyed by Joshua and the Hebrews.

6. PURE SPECULATION: Numerous sources can be found that claim Ham’s sin was something more than just looking at his father. I find no evidence of this, however, in the biblical account. His two other sons were careful not to look upon Noah while covering him and so it seems that the sin was only a viewing of his father’s nakedness and there is no further implication evident in the passage itself (Genesis 9:22-27).
1. CUSH: FATHER OF THE ETHIOPIANS.
1. Genesis 10:7-8 (King James Version)

7 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtechah: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.

8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.

2. The descendents of Cush said to have inhabited present day Ethiopia (south of Egypt along the Red Sea).
3. Some believe that the name of Cush is perpetuated in that of the Babylonian city of Kish, ostensibly one of the earliest cities to be built after the flood.
2. CHILDREN OF CUSH: SEBAH, HAVILAH, SABTA, RAAMAH, SABTECHA, AND NIMROD.
1. All of these sons appear to have settled variously on the east and west coasts of the Arabian Peninsula.
2. NIMROD: THE NOTORIOUS

Genesis 10:8-10 (King James Version)

8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.

9 He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.

10 And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

i. Nimrod is credited in the literature with instigating the Great Rebellion at Babel as well as founding the features of paganism including astrology and human sacrifice. There is also much secular evidence to suggest that he was worshipped. His name, for example, was perpetuated in the name of the Assyrian god of war: Nimurda.

ii. Nimrod has left numerous place names behind, including a mountain near Ararat, the remains of a city near Babel, and others. The Plain of Shinar is known to have at one time been called the “Land of Nimrod.”

4. CHILDREN OF RAAMAH: SHEBA AND DEDAN
1. SHEBA: known as one of the four “spice kingdoms” of the ancient world. This relationship with Israel is thought to have been economically beneficial to both countries.

i. There are many persons named “Sheba” in the genealogies but it is fairly unanimous that this Sheba is the one that settled near present day Yemen on the southwestern shore of the Arabian Peninsula and from whom the Queen of Sheba was a descendant.

2. DEDAN:

i. Known to have traded with the Phoenicians. Settled on the northwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, south of Judea.

3. PURE SPECULATION: SOLOMON AND THE QUEEN OF SHEBA.

i. According to Rashi in Melachim (Kings) 1-10:13, the words "all her desires" refers to the following..."He had relations with her, and from her was born Nebucadnezzar. And he destroyed the temple which stood for 410 years in the portion of the 12 tribes." (This quote is from Rabbi Yitzchak Luria [the 'Ari'], the famed 16th century Kabbalist in Sefat.).

ii. There are at least two other versions of this story to be found in other Jewish texts

4. Abraham had a son through a concumbine (Keturah) of unknown (Possibly Hamitic?) origin named Jokshan; he also had two sons named Sheba and Dedan but there is no relation of which I am aware.

i. All of the sons of Abraham through the concubines were “sent away from Isaac his son, while he lived, eastward, into the hill country.

5. MIZRAIM: THE ISRAELI NAME FOR EGYPT.
1. Psalm 78:50-52 (King James Version)

50 He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;

51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:

52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

2. Mizraim is also known as “Egypt” and his descendants are the Egyptians.

i. “Tabernacles of Ham” used to describe the Egyptians.

3. Many of the sons of Mizraim are said to have been destroyed during the Ethiopic War (qv: Josephus).
5. CHILDREN OF MIZRAIM: LUDIM, ANAMIM, LEAHABIM, NAPHTUHIM, PATHRUISM, CASLUHIM, AND CATHTORIM.
1. LUDIM: “LYBIANS”

i. Settled on the north coast of Africa and gave their name to the nation of Lybia.

ii. Original people may have been destroyed in whole or during the Ethiopic Wars.

2. CASLUHIM: FATHER OF THE PHILISTINES.

i. The book of Genesis records that the Philistines came from this people (cf: 9(a))

1. During the reign of Saul the Philistines themselves controlled the southern coastline of Canaan. During the Davidic reign the area remained known as Philistia; specifically the area that today is known as the Gaza Strip.

7. PUT: INHABITED NORTH AFRICAN COAST NEAR CYRENE
8. CANAAN: ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF THE PROMISED LAND.
1. Despite their Hamitic descent, the Canaanites spoke a Semitic language.
9. THE SONS OF CANAAN: ZIDON, HETH, JEBUSITE, AMORITE, GERGASHITE, HINITE, ARKITE, SINITE, ARVADITE, ZEMARITE, AND HAMATHITE.
1. 1 Chronicles 1 (King James Version)

11 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,

12 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and Caphthorim.

13 And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth,

14 The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,

15 And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,

16 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite.

2. ZIDON: FATHER OF THE PHOENICIANS.

i. Settled on the Mediterranean coast of Canaan, where his name is still preserved today in the city of Sidon. Originally known as Zidonians, his descendants were later known as the Phoenicians.

ii. The language of the Phoenicians is said to be Semitic and not Hamitic.

3. HETH: FATHER OF THE HITTITES.

i. Genesis 25

8 Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people.

9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is before Mamre;

10 The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth: there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife.

11 And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that God blessed his son Isaac; and Isaac dwelt by the well Lahairoi.

ii. The Hittites are known to have destroyed Babylon circa 1600 BC; at a time after the Ammorite conquest of it.

iii. Hittites were apparently the first nation to smelt iron.

iv. Ramses II tells of his engagement with the Hittites in the oldest recorded chariot battle: The Battle of Kadesh.

1. PURE SPECULATION: Could these be the Canaanites spoken of by the children of Joseph when complaining to Joshua in Joshua 17:16 that “all the Canaanites that dwell in the land of the valley have chariots of iron, both they who are of Bethshean and her towns, and they who are of the valley of Jezreel.”

4. JEBUSITE: ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF JERUSALEM.

i. Settled in the mountainous regions of Judea where, due to their strong and natural fortifications, were able to withstand the armies of Israel.

ii. The original city of Jebus came later to be known as Jerusalem.

5. AMORITE: PROGENITOR OF KING HAMMURABI.

i. The Amorites were inhabitants of the land of Canaan but later were to conquer Babylonia, subsequently producing one of the most famous kings in the ancient world: Hammurabi, known for his codification of the laws. He was to rule the cities of Nimrud, Nineveh, and other cities within the great empire.

6. HIVITE: OCCUPIED LEBANON AFTER ISRAELI CONQUEST OF CANAAN.
7. ARKITE: “THE REBELLIOUS”

i. Documented as “rebellious” in the inscriptions of Shalmaneser II and Tiglath-pileser III (two kings of Assyria)

ii. Their city is known today as Tell-Arqa and was once known to the Romans as Caesari Libani.